Causes And Effects Of Food Insecurity Environmental Sciences Essay

Causes And Effects Of Food In certificate department Environmental Sciences EssayState reconstruction is primarily aimed at liveoring peace and stability. One of the severalize factors that threaten peace and stability is feed for thought insecurity. This paper focuses on the key challenge of improving feed security in extend crises as s soundly as during post conflict times. The goal of achievingfood security often becomes a daunting challenge, especially when emergencies persist for years or even decades as evidenced in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan and Somalia. The paper begins with a brief overview of what food security entails, structural factors hindering food security as well as the effects of food insecurity. This will be followed by a glimpse into the protracted situation in the DRC as well as fitting frameworks for analyzing and responding to protracted crises. It concludes with recommendations on how to alter food security in protracted crises.The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security to be brisk when all people, at all times, start out physical and economic approach path to enough safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy lifestyle.Food security means thatFood is available The amount and feature of food available globally, nationally and locally canful be affected temporarily or for long periods by many factors including climate, disasters, war, civil unrest, population size and growth, agricultural practices, environment, social status and trade.Food is openable When on that point is a shortage of food prices summation and while gamyer people will likely still be able to feed themselves, poorer people may have difficulty obtaining sufficient safe and nutritious food without assistance.Food is utilised At the household level, sufficient and varied food needs to be on the watch safely so that people can grow and develop normally, meet their energy need s and avoid disease.Food security is considered a composite plant sustainable development issue, linked to health through mal food, save withal to sustainable economic development, environment, and trade. There is debate around food security with some arguing thatThere is enough food in the world to feed everyone fittingly the problem is distribution.Future food needs can or cannot be met by current levels of drudgery.National food security is essential or no longer necessary because of global trade.Globalization may or may not lead to the persistence of food insecurity and poverty in rural communities.Issues such as whether households get enough food, how it is distributed within the household and whether that food fulfils the sustentation needs of all members of the household show that food security is clearly linked to health.Agriculture remains the largest employment sector in around evolution countries and international agriculture agreements are crucial to a countrys food security. Some critics argue that trade liberalization may reduce a countrys food security by reducing agricultural employment levels.3. Structural FactorsInstitutional failure, non-existent or weak public and informal institutions are arguably the primary source of protracted crises and food insecurity. This is due to the fact that basic public services such as health, education and protection are inadequately and ineffectively provided if at all. ugly governance of land use and access fuels disputes over land in these crisis situations and impacts negatively on food security in that agricultural production is hampered and targetments to increase food production decrease when access to land becomes insecure. Unequal access of land is common in protracted situations of the DRC, Somalia and Sudan and a typical example is when the puissant politico-military rewards their supporters with extra land in an effort to secure their support base. This results in the majority of land being the property of a small number of landowners and the rest of small farmers being marginalized. State reconstruction became hindered when the economy of the DRC collapsed due to the powerful elite exploiting the countrys economic resources.Informal and cultural institutions also play a graphic symbol in easing the burden of conflicts and can prove to be more effective than weak or collapsed formal institutions. A perfect example in this regard is the local council in the DRC known as chambres de paix that comprised of community elders who investigated and settled land disputes between farmers on the basis of compromise. This form of justice system became the most trusted mechanism for providing protection to farmers and as a result, farmers no longer trusted the formal corrupt justice system and local courts which traditionally failed to afford them legal protection and justice. However, protracted crises have had a bad effect on informal institutions and thus deprived them of mitigating against the crises. For instance, in Sudan traditional elder regimen were eradicated by military forces.4. Causes and Effects of Food InsecurityPovertyPoor people lack access to sufficient resources to produce or buy quality food. Poor farmers may have very small farms, use less effective farming techniques, and/or be unable to afford fertilisers and labour-saving equipment, all of which bound food production. They often find it difficult to grow enough food for themselves, let alone generate income by selling excess to others. Without economic resources and a political voice, poor farmers may be forced on to less productive land possibly causing provided environmental deterioration. Addressing poverty is critical to ensuring that all people have sufficient food.HealthWithout sufficient calories and nutrients, the luggage compartment slows down, making it difficult to undertake the work needed to produce food. Without good health, the body is also less able to make use of the food that is available. A hungry mother will give birth to an underweight baby, who then faces a future of stunted growth, frequent illness, learning disabilities and reduced resistance to disease. Contaminated food and water can cause illness, nutrient loss and often demolition in children.The HIV/AIDS pandemic has reduced food production in many affected countries as productive adults become ill or die. Lacking the labour, resources and know-how to grow staples and commercial crops, many households have shifted to cultivating survival foods or even leaving their fields, further reducing the food supply. Addressing health issues will advance utilisation and availability of food.Water and the environmentFood production requires massive amounts of water. Producing sufficient food is directly related to having sufficient water. Irrigation can ensure an adequate and reliable supply of water which increases yields of most crops.Where water is scarce, achieving food security may depend on importing food from countries with an abundance of water. This may be a more efficient use of a scarce resource.Gender equityWomen play a vital role in providing food and nutrition for their families through their roles as food producers, processors, traders and income earners. Yet womens lower social and economic status limits their access to education, training, land ownership, decision making and credit and their ability to improve their access to and use of food. Food utilisation can be enhanced by improving womens knowledge of nutrition and food safety and the prevention of illnesses. increase womens involvement in decision making and their access to land and credit will in turn improve food security as women invest in fertilisers and better seeds, labour-saving tools, irrigation and land care.Disasters and conflictsDroughts, floods, cyclones and pests can quickly wipe out large quantities of food as it grows or when it is in storage for later use. Seeds can also be destroyed by such environmental dangers. Conflict can also reduce or destroy food in production or storage as farmers flee to safety or become involved in the fighting. Previously productive land may be foul with explosive debris and need to be cleared before it can again be used for food production. Stored food, seeds and breeding livestock may be eaten or destroyed by soldiers, leading to long- verge food shortages. Government spending needs to prioritise food security after conflicts.Population and urbanisationPopulation growth increases the demand for food. With most productive land already in use, there is pressure for this land to become more productive. Poor harvests and high costs lead many poor farmers to migrate to cities to look for work. Expanding cities spread out across productive land, pushing food production further and further away from consumers. This increases the cost of all the activities associated with producing and transporting food, and decreases the f ood security of the poor in cities.TradeMany poor countries can produce staples more cheaply than large nations but barriers to trade, such as distance from markets, regulations and tariffs make it difficult for them to compete in export markets against highly subsidised farmers in rich countries. This deprives poor farmers of income and completed countries of the agricultural base they need to develop other sectors of the economy. Trade imbalances prevent poor countries from importing agricultural products that could enhance their food security.The negative effects of food insecurity include impaired physical and cognitive abilities of children. Generally, food insecurity and hunger amounts to poor health status, making children sick more often, with higher rank of iron deficiency anemia, and also results in children being frequently hospitalized. In Somalia, for example, 20 percent of children die before the age of five. The nutritional status of women is also a major concern. They are mainly farmers and are commonly carers of their families. It has been reported that two-thirds of women in the Horn of Africa suffer from anaemia, which is partly attributed to the high levels of maternal mortality.5. Protracted CrisesThe term is defined as conflict situations characterized by the prolonged and often violent struggle by communal groups for such basic needs as security, recognition, acceptance, pretty access to political institutions, and economic participation.5.1 DRCDemocratic Republic of Congo is listed as one of the worst military manitarian crises. Its five-year war ended in 2003. The country is rich with gold, diamonds and minerals, yet millions of its people suffer from a lethal combination of disease and hunger caused by ongoing conflict and displacement. 5.4 million people were declared late(prenominal) since 1998 from war-related violence, hunger and disease.The devastating effects of pre-war land policies on the rural people of DRC have intens ified since the war. Land is at center stage of conflict, especially in the regions such as Ituri and Masisi. It has also become an important resource to warring factions because through their control over land, they have reinforced their political position to the prejudice of small farmers.A study undertaken by FAO concluded that food insecurity in the DRC can be tackled through interventions that focus on land access and that possible interventions include the strengthening of the legal position of rural populations and the strengthening of the role of community compensateatives in land issues. The study also focused on the structural impact of the protracted crisis on local food systems and the effects and limits of food security interventions.6. Frameworks for Analysis and ResponseIn protracted crises, food security interventions tend to be based on a standardized set of responses that do not consider the dynamic nature of protracted crises. Such interventions usually focus on food production and neglect other dimensions of food security. Responses to these situations are of a humanitarian/emergency nature. They contribute to saving lives and to protecting livelihoods but are inadequate for addressing the complex root causes of these crises.Stated differently, traditional humanitarian and development approaches are often not suitable for guiding analytic thinking and response. Organizations that step in in these situations tend to concentrate on one side of the humanitarian/development divide and plan their response accordingly. The studies show that assistance is often externally driven and very few donors commit to longer term development once the acute phase of a crisis passes and thus disregard the root causes of the crisis unresolved. In the DRC and Sudan, analytical tools that were employed wrongly suggested that food insecurity in those countries were livelihoods crises at the household level caused by external factors. As a result, contextual analysis was not undertaken.Alinovi et al therefore suggest that a new operational framework for food security in protracted crises should have an overarching livelihoods-based framework to represent various processes at theglobal level and the effects of those processes at the household level highlight appropriate food security responses policies and programmes identify institutions that play a positive (or negative) role in strengthening the resilience of food systems and identify institutions that are necessary for implementing food security response.ConclusionIt is necessary to address some(prenominal) the short and long term dimensions of protracted crises in order to have an impact on increasing food security and thus prevent and/or mitigate the adverse effects of food insecurity, especially in protracted crises. The current aid architecture also needs to be reformed so that it is flexible enough to link short and longer term response. Response must be based on adequate analy sis, including institutional analysis of these complex situations. Acting without adequate analysis may reduce the effectiveness of response and, in the worst cases, make the situation even worse.The eradication of hunger and food insecurity must be considered a long-term development goal. Food insecurity cannot be addressed in isolation. Progress needs to be make also with relation to goals set in other pressing areas, including poverty alleviation education and literacy reductions in infant, child and maternal mortality improved productive health and environmental protection. The countries in protracted crises should establish their own regional and national targets as well as associated indicators.These goals should be achieved within the framework of human rights. This rights-based approach acknowledges the responsibility of national governments and their international partners in fulfilling peoples fundamental rights, including freedom from hunger. Community participation shou ld also be encouraged to ensure that beneficiaries participate in all decisions affecting their lives. Women should also have an equal voice in decision-making.

The role of women in society and the church

The role of women in point and the churchIntroductionI am going to discuss the role of women in the church and contentious issues, particularly when the transportation systems such as 1 Timothy 211-14, and 1 Corinthians 1334 talk about women should be taciturn in church. And slightly discuss the women in the society.The Role of Women in the SocietyWomen in the modern societyWomen today be coming forth in modern social trends. This feminism may appear too extreme and rather threatening to the male ego, yet the role of women in current society has drastically changed. Perhaps there is some explanation for their actions. Women argon now regularly performing duties that were traditionally as pre referenceed to males. They are attempting to fight the continuing assort established during the earlier part of the century. The pretty date of the perfect fifties wife is rapidly evolving into a more suitable projection to accommodate their natural role in todays society.More than two ge nerations ago, a girl was expected to abandon her academic pursuits and assume the role of a housewife. She would completely devote herself to the deliverance of the female-oriented position of base of operations fare uponr. As time has progressed, fluctuations in the economy pay made it necessary for a char to obtain a career in order to fit in the society.Strange as it may seem, the family roles build non changed much in todays society. While girls and women (not only Polish) have more opportunities in home based employment, the traditional roles of women are still quite evident. They are still the caring provider and nurturer of young infants and children, the comforter for the crying child and the feminine battlefront of the household. While the husbands role has diversified into more household chores and the cooking and cleaning up responsibilities, they are still considered the head of the household. In the absence of the man, can the woman really be uniform the man? I think yes. There are women who are capable in finance, Do-It-Yourself fixtures and fittings, even being a capable single parent and bread winner. In this respect, women forget have to be like the man. Of course, the woman cannot match the physical strength of the man. The other opinion of thinking like the man is a definite no. This is through experience. Women generally look at the details and forget about the overall picture. They have the capability of juggling more than one issue at a time unlike the man. And she is more tempered to her feelings. And because of this, the focus is not there to make a sound judgment. manpower on the other hand, are more focus and look at one thing at a time. They are less prone to feelings and therefore they are better at seeing the overall picture. I think for this division, a man balances up the woman and immorality versa.If we look at the example of a family with the wife who tries to be like the man, we have a situation where the roles are different now, because of the presence of the man. Man, no matter how gifted or ungifted have a certain ability to say that he is the man in the house. And for the wife to usurp his position there result be certain unrest in the overall affinity. This may not be currently evident but it will become an issue at a later stage. Subtle hints are al authoritys there and if the wife chooses not to suspect or confront the situation, it will lead to a crisis.Men and Women in Worship.I will begin by what capital of Minnesota stated concerning men and women in worship that men should adopt a respectful posture as they pray and also women should pray with an altitude of respect, just like men. It might be a different thing in that church which Paul was addressing. Women face particular problem, in that it is easy for them to become preoccupied with their appearance and with looks that take time to achieve. Its true that Descent and Honorable behave matters farthest more to God than jewe ls and expensive clothes. Beside if Christian women who posses Gods worship are too concerned about their external appearance they will forget the essential and will have neither the time of doing good deed.Its important to emphasize that Paul was not forbidding beautiful jewelry or lovely copper styles to all Christian women of all time was warning against becoming so attached to clothes and fashions and forgets the most important thing that is pleasing God by doing good deeds.Paul Advice Women to Be Quite During TeachingsThis advice has raised much debate among Christians in Africa, especially since the raise of feminist theology that asserts among other things, the right of women demonstrate themselves. Certain versions of the Bible have tried to get to get around the problem of translating 211 in a more acceptable way while still being true in the spirit of the text. The massage translates this as i dont let women to take over and tell men what to do. This variant assume tha t Paul give this advice because women were talking positions of authority and even of dominance over men, which was unacceptable in the culture of that day. The requirement for silence in companionship with teaching may also indicate that the women were talkative during time of teaching and worship.Paul advice women to be silence not because of inferior, but as a sign of their submission to men and of acknowledgment of mens authority. They will then be obeying the Oder that God established at creation. In applying this instruction in Kenya today, we need to think cautiously about how women express their submission to authorities and to men.THE ROLES OF WOMEN IN CHURCH IN KENYA TODAYThe role of women in the church is a contentious issue, particularly when passage 1 Timothy 211-14 is a regarded as laying down absolute rather than general principles within a particular culture. The focus should fall on the biblical call for all human beings to decern what is the will of God in their l ive ( roman 122) Jesus radical mission of variety for liberation. Means that women and men are equally called and empowered to participate in the same mission in the church. What women and men do depends on our obedience to the counseling and empowerment of the Holy spirit.Because of the entrenched culture and sexist attitude and practices, and the male-dominated leadership in many of the churches especially in the Maasai land, women in Kenya church have slender and prophetic role to play in stirring waters and speaking the truth by asserting their God given humanity and gift not for their own sake of integrity of the gospel. many women in Kenya church have continue to claim their full potential and have taken leading roles. like the Samaritan woman ( John 41-42) when women in the Kenya church drink the water offered by Jesus, they go out to witness and spread the word of truth in their homes, villages, communities and churches with determination, boldness, courage and humilit y. for example the like of Teresia Wairimu, Esther Obasike, Bishop Magret Wajiru and many of great women of God which some have founded churches , preached, taught christian theology seminary schools and translated scripture into different languages in Kenya.Where the church have listen the voice of the Holy Spirit , they have realize that scripture grant women a place in all ministries of the church. And women have been rightly ordeined to deal in all ministries of the church.ConclusionA careful examination of the Bible will yield an understanding of Gods intent for women and men to be full and equal partners to serve and worship Him. Perhaps the easiest point to make and understand is that there are many biblical examples of women leaders. The following women were divinely called to lead, were sustain by their religious communities, and were specifically recorded in scripture as part of Gods revealed truth. A few examplesMiriam prophet played major(ip) role in Exodus led worshi p singing and dancing.Deborah prophet judge led Israeli troops into battle with BarakLydia business woman who became a central leader in the Philippian ChurchPriscilla helped Paul establish churches at Corinth and Ephesus corrected Apollos preachingPhoebe deacon commended by Paul for her attend to the churchIf by name God created women not to be leaders, then he would be going against his own order and intent to place women in leadership but God does not violate His own design.In the beginning humans were created male and female in equality and partnership reflecting the image of God both individually and together as a plural unit. The sequence of creation does not signify importance or superiority. Adam is not superior because he is first Eve is not the new and improved model. Instead, Eve is called Adams helper. The word helper, however, is not used as an indication of rank as in a boss and an assistant. The Hebrew word is ezer and is also used to describe God by Moses in Ex odus 184 when he says, My fathers God was my helper he saved me from the sword of Pharaoh. Since God is called a helper also, we need to maintain the accredited elevated biblical definition of this word, and not submit to a culturally lowered interpretation in our understanding of Gods creation designAdam and Eve are both punished for disobeying God. One of the consequences of Eves sin was a distorted relationship with Adam. However, God in his forgiveness promised a reversal of the fall and restored divine and human relations through Jesus Christ.Restoration in Salvation Salvation through Christ reverses or removes the punishment of judgment. Individuals are restored to a relationship with God. While we live in a world where the effects of sin are still playing out, believers are now members of the Kingdom of God where equality in him is restored. But even before Christ, faithful women were already filling places of leadership indicating that ones relationship with God has an imp act that brings about a change on the judgment meted out at the fall.Refrence list1 The Bible2 http//www.gci.org/church/ministry/women6b4.Sanley J. Grenz (1950-2005) A Biblical Theology of Women in Ministry. Wolfhart Pannenberg publisher.1

The Somewhat Scary Progression of Technology :: Computers

The Somewhat Scary Progression of Technology Technology has carved the path of human existence since our humble origins. It is our curious nature and incessantly present ingenuity that leads us to create technological wonders of perplexing magnitude. As the first Neanderthal man sharpened a spear and tempered it in lightning born flames he sealed man-kinds future a future as certain as our past. The pendulum of human dominance started its undulation and science was conceived to replace the ignorance of our multiplication of yore. With our undying fortitude our achievements soared to the sky within heavens reach, surpassing even our own expectations. Although, with this progress also came the burdens of responsibility, and our technology soon outreached the length of our control. Controlled or not, technology has shaped our fate in ways that are unfathomable by the human mind. The future of technology is difficult to foretell, and can only be prophesized by the stud y of our past. Technology as it exists in current times has taken the digital for. With a matrix of binary number systems computers process information at speeds mystifying the more appreciative of our race. Our innocence and simple life style has been traded for the raw technology that subsidizes our every day existence. The evolution of technology has spurred the spillage of culturally identifying characteristics of our society. Par example, labor has become less skilled and more monotonous in structure. The development of computers destroyed many talented workers who created superior goods with a train of quality unmatched by computerized mass production. Also, technology has lead to the ignorance of much of our youth. Video games have prevented scores of people from experiencing life and its awesomeness. They use false thaumaturgy worlds created in the minds on game designers to replace their scanty reality. This spawns drab people without the ne cessary experiences to live life. With the advent of technology also came mankinds loss of privacy. There are many things that the masses do every day that are being recorded and analyzed without our knowledge or consent. The purchases you make, such as beer, are recorded by servers to analyze the effects companies marketing strategy is having on your subconscious (cnn.

Free Essays - The Second Coming :: Second Coming

The Second Coming   The Second Coming reminds me of the Marabar Caves in A Passage to India because of the disjunction that is portrayed.  The poem quickly begins Turning and turning in the widening gyre cycle of history The falcon cannot hear the falconer Here Yeats reminds us all about the cycle of animation that is constantly in rebirth.  E reallything is constantly turning in a widening gyre and yet the falcon cannot hear the falconer  Life is connected in the sense that it is constantly in motion, constantly turning and yet there exists this strange disconnectedness because nature the falcon is so far separated from serviceman the falconer that it can no longer be called.  I may be reading too much into this small passage but it sincerely reminds me of Forsters Marabar Caves A tunnel eight feet long, five feet high, three feet wide, leads to a circular chamber about twenty feet in diameter.  The arrangement occurs again and again end-to-end the group of hills, and this is all, this is a Marabar Cave. . .  They are dark caves. . . there is little to see, and no eye to see it, (137)  It doesnt matter how deep you get into the caves, it doesnt matter how many turns you prosecute because you end up in a cave that looks exactly like the one in the beginning. Even language cannot be understood well, everything amounted to Boam. Nature changed the very language of mankind to boam.  Is Forsters caves a symbol of life as he saw it ?  Circular chambers that occur again and again.  I may be totally wrong but the Caves remind me of the first two lines of The Second Coming.    Yeats cry continues with Things fall apart the center cannot hold Mere anarchy is loosed upon the realism,  The world is in disarray, nature has been separated from mankind due to the Industrial revolution and philosophical thought. Locke has shown us all that meta natural entities, like nature, dont exist because its not physic al and thus able to be tested by scientific methods.   At least in the Romantic era, mankind was connected with nature.  In Wordsworth, Blake, and Keats we find a special connection with nature that is lost in Yeats.  The Romantics understood the connection mankind has with nature and tried to amplify it with their prose and poetry.

david souter :: essays research papers

Birth, Residence, and Family Born phratry 17, 1939 in Melrose, Massachusetts, son of Joseph Alexander and Helen Adams Hackett Souter. Education Harvard College, A.B. 1961, Phi Beta Kappa, selected Rhodes Scholar Magdalen College, Oxford, 1963, A.B. in Jurisprudence 1989, M.A. 1989 Harvard impartiality train, LL.B. 1966. Law Practice Associate, Orr and Reno, Concord, NH, 1966-1968. Government Service Assistant Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1968-1971 Deputy Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1971-1976 Attorney General of New Hampshire, 1976-1978. discriminatory Offices Associate Justice, New Hampshire Superior Court, 1978-1983 Associate Justice, New Hampshire Supreme Court, 1983-1990 Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, 1990 Associate Justice, Supreme Court of the United States, 1990. Other Assignments Maine-New Hampshire Interstate point of accumulation Commission, 1971-1975 New Hampshire Police Standards and Training Council, 1976-1978 New Hampshire Governor s Commission on crime and Delinquency, 1976-1978, 1979-1983 New Hampshire Judicial Council, 1976-1978. Civic Activities Trustee, Concord Hospital, Concord, New Hampshire, 1972-1985, President 1978-1984 Trustee, New Hampshire historical Society, 1976-1985 Vice President, 1970-1985, Overseer, Dartmouth Medical School, 1981-1987. Affiliations with Professional Organizations and Academic Institutions Merrimack County prohibit Association New Hampshire Bar Association American Bar Association Honorary Fellow, American Bar Foundation National Association of Attorneys General Honorary Fellow, American College of Trial Lawyers Honorary Master of the Bench, Grays Inn, London Honorary Fellow, Magdalen College, Oxford Associate, Lowell House, Harvard College. David H. Souter was born in Melrose, Massachusetts, on September 17, 1939. He graduated from Harvard University in 1961. The following year he studied at Magdalen College in Oxford, England, as a Rhodes Scholar. He graduated from Harva rd Law School in 1966. Souter was admitted to the bar and joined a law firm in Concord, New Hampshire. In 1968, he became an Assistant Attorney General of New Hampshire. In 1971, Souter became Deputy Attorney General and in 1976 Attorney General of the State of New Hampshire. During these years Souter also served on the New Hampshire Governors Commission on Crime and Delinquency, the New Hampshire Judicial Council, the Maine-New Hampshire Interstate Boundary Commission, and the New Hampshire Policy Standards and Training Council.

ecosystems :: essays research papers

Factors of Community1.Interactions between the climate and topographya.Rainfall, soil, temperature2.The food and resources that grow3.Other specialised resources necessary for a species to survive and adapt to. (Ecological niche)4.Species interaction5.Physical disturbances, addition/removal of certain species-These factors determine population sizes of an ecosystem.-Conditions of arctic regions dont deed over many animals to live there due to the low temperature.Niches (all relationships in which species engage in order to survive and reproduce)-Fundamental Niche is a theoretical niche, where there be no constraints or limited resources)-Realized Niche is the actual niche, where there are constraints on resources)Symbiosis (living together Species interacting in +, -, and = ways) Mutualism (++)-Both species in interaction benefit-Obligatory Mutualism -One species cannot grow/reproduce without another speciesEX. Yucca plants are only pollinated by Yucca moths.-Yucca moths only gr ow in the yucca plant and only eat Yucca seeds.Co-evolution-The objective and predator build better defenses and counters to the others abilities.-Since the best of the pig/predator survive more often, they have more chance to reproduce.-Soon only the unfaltering survive, thus, the best ways of countering reach the entire population.-EX. Camouflage, Mimicry (faking a characteristic), Spewing toxins, showing teeth, etcCarrying Capacity-Maximum number of individuals that resources of environment can maintain.-Predator-Prey populations can fluctuate.-Predators may not determine quickly enough to the abundance of prey. -Additional predators could also influence the rate.-As more predators reproduce and eat more prey, the prey population decreases.-As more prey dies, predators have little to eat and begin to die polish off.-With fewer predators, the prey once again starts to reproduce at a faster pace.Predator- Animals that feed on living organisms, plainly do not live on themPrey - targets of predators that are killedParasites- Feeds on tissues of living organisms and live on themHost- the organism a parasite feeds onEffects of Parasites-Feeds off the hosts tissues nutrition.-Alters how much energy enters the organism, and weakens it.-Can alter birth rates, can sterilize, or make organisms less attractive to mates. -Can open prey to diseases and infections.-Usually does not want to cause death, so that it can reproduce for a longer period of timeMicroparasites-Rapid reproducers and personally infect the body.EX. Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoan Macroparasites-Directly lay their bollock on the host.EX. Fleas, ticks, mites, liceSocial Parasites-Manipulate the social behavior of another species.EX. Cuckoos lay their ballock in nests of other species, which push the rightful eggs out.-The mother of the original eggs ends up feeding the cuckoos.Parasitoids-Insect larvae that always kill what they eat (larvae and pupae of other insects)

Nursing as an Occupation Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Profession E

Nursing as an OccupationWorks Cited Not IncludedNursing has, quite possibly, been one and only(a) of the most difficult professions to define in the medical field. Clarke (2003) stated that the nurse needs to articulate who s/he is and what his/her value is in medicine or risks having others define it. As with the profession itself, definitions of nursing are ...dynamic...constantly evolving to meet new needs...new knowledge.(Royal College of Nursing, 2003). Down through the years as the role of the nurse has expanded and diversified, so have the opinions of those who repute and view this career with intrigue. The author believes that nursing is and the functions of the nurse are the provision of care, a commitment to partnership between nurse and client (Royal College of Nursing, 2003), health promotion and the use of skill and biological knowledge in patient care.The provision of care as a basis for nursing has also encountered diverge ever since Florence Nightingale (1889), pe rceived that the patient, rather than the disease process, should be the primary focus of health professionals. (Cited in Lindberg, Hunter, Kruszewski, 1998 p.12). Virginia Henderson (1960) described caring as assisting persons in motion of activities they would accomplish independently given the necessary resources. (cited in Lindberg, Hunter and Kruszewski, 1998 p.12). Thus, both pioneers of nursing thought that the best way to carry out nursing perpetrate is to undertake patient centered care. Patient centered care is essential care, technological care, psychosocial/emotional care, and continuity and co-ordination. (Kitson, 1999). This is called holistic care, which focuses on all aspects of the clients being as a whole the physiolog... ...de of intervention... It is central to what nursing is and what nurses do such as, encouraging the mother (and, sometimes, the father) to use deep breathing exercises to overcome labour pain, inserting chemotherapy needles and ever-changing the dressing on a wound. These are learned skills and are acquired use of scientific knowledge that is obtained through years of training. To conclude, the author believes that the altruism of learning the apply science of nursing, that is as diverse in topics to the science of our bodies to the science of our society, has earned respect and interest in what the value of the nurse is and the importance of what s/he does. The author perceives these four aspects of nursing provision of care, commitment to partnership, health promotion and the use of skill and knowledge, are the foundations of what nursing is and what nurses do.